Nhs Application Essay

I am interested in running for the position of Secretary of the National Honor Society so that I can assist the President and Vice President in making our school a better place. We, as members of this prestigious group, have the duty to involve Saucon Valley as a whole in order to do community service for the benefit of all. As Secretary, I plan to amp up the school spirit here at Saucon so that every individual student feels included and motivated to better our school and our community.For example, the blood drive that NHS hosts every year can become a schoolwide effort with a little more enthusiasm. In previous years, many underclassmen ignore the blood drive completely because of their age and thus, their inability to donate blood. But if we were to make the event more â€Å"fun† as a whole, we could encourage students to get the word out to their parents, neighbors, or friends to get involved and donate their blood to those who need it.And by â€Å"fun†, I imply dec orations throughout the school, exaggerated morning announcements, offers of food, anything that will get the student body excited to share their blood! On a more serious note, aside from the blood drawing, I would like to say that I greatly represent the four pillars of NHS: Character, scholarship, service, and leadership. I always maintain a positive attitude, even when faced with frustrating tasks.I strive to better myself through education as well, taking my classes seriously and valuing my grades. I also attempt to help others as well as our Community, providing service wherever it is needed. And lastly, I know how to take control of a situation with stern kindness, leading with an efficient and thoughtful mindset. I firmly believe that these abilities qualify me for the position of Secretary. Thank you!

Cocacola Company

The Coca-Cola Company Name Institution The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company deals with the manufacture of beverages that are non-alcoholic. The Coca-Cola Company has over four hundred brands in many countries of the world. The Company is responsible for manufacturing, distribution and marketing of the beverage product. It uses a franchised system of distribution where the concentrated syrup is sold to bottlers that are in most countries (Coca Cola Company & Quality Information Publishers, 2007). The refreshment Company is Centralized with Human Resource staff that are highly experienced.Centralization in the company helps improve employee’s relation and benefits the consultants (Hays, 2004). The Coca-Cola Company has a mission of refreshing the world, inspiring moments of optimism and creating value as well as making a difference. The vision of the Company states what the Company aims at achieving. The Company has an emphasis on the customers, partners, portfolio, profi t making and productivity of the Company (Foster, 2008). The Company uses a multi-divisional matrix because of its huge size and scope of operation. Coca-Cola Company has many International staffs in the separate International Divisions that it owns.They are all isolated from the main head office as they are located in Africa, Europe, Pacific, Latin and North America. These divisions are further divided according to the geographical location. This is crucial since it helps in decision making at the local level of the region (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011). When decisions about the Company product are made at the local level, the Coca-Cola Company is able to change with the demands in the market. Such an organizational structure is effective for a big Company. Coca-Cola Company has close-fitting operations that are operated from the head office.The organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company is aimed at meeting the sensitivity of the market in the region where the Company is located (K alapos, 2006). The organizational structure of the Coca-Cola Company is designed to fulfill its own requirements. There both formal and policies and rules within the Company. The structure helps in the facilitation of communication and authority within the Company (Hays, 2004). For the organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company to be effective, it should clarify employees’ responsibilities so as to eliminate any possible obstacles.Designing the organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company is the process since all resources must be coordinated in an effective way. This helps curb competition in the environment where Coca-Cola Company is located. The structure is required to be flexible, constantly change and evolve with the changes in the environment. Coca-Cola Company organizational design in any region of the world needs to learn faster, execute its roles quickly and change easily for it to maintain and increase its market share in the area (Hays, 2004).The Coca-Cola Com pany fins benefits in standardization because of the many acquisitions that are made by the company. It does not use local policies but uses shared policies for the entire company. This is aimed at ensuring that the customer experience is similar for their interaction. Standardization in the company helps in retention and recruitment. The idea of hiring highly motivated and competent personnel to work in the company is an emerging issue. It is crucial for the company to have skilled employees for success reasons (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011).Coca-Cola Company has mass production, and it must hence use mechanized structures for efficient production. The Coca-Cola Company does not produce the end products, but it distributes the concentrated syrup to bottlers to sell the product. To boost the Company performance, the lower management has been involved in the company’s activities, and this instills a sense of responsibility to them. Coca-Cola Company has worked out on ways aimed a t reducing bureaucracy and speed the process of decision making. (Coca Cola Company & Quality Information Publibhers, 2007).Decision making within the company is done through incremental process where it does not readily decide on the creation of new products (Hays, 2004). The decision making process within Coca-Cola Company can be termed as unstructured since the model involves those in the lower management even in decision making (Hays, 2004). Unstructured decision making is useful to the Company as it helps in solving problems and decision making process within the company. (Hays, 2004). Coca-Cola Company helps in environmental and climate protection efforts.The Company has good programs to balance on the use of water in the line of production (Hays, 2004). The Company has many water initiatives in various communities as well as efforts to conserve soil and climate (Coca Cola Company & Quality Information Publishers, 2007). The lifecycle of Coca-Cola Company products starts from the ingredients used in the manufacture of the syrup, packaging, manufacturing, distribution, refrigeration and storage, consumption and finally recycling the cans (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011).Coca-Cola Company was started in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The founder of the Company who was John Pemberton sold it to Asa Chandler who named it Coca-Cola Company in 1892 (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011). There is a competitive advantage between the Coca-Cola Company and the distributors. There is a symbiotic relationship that is interdependent where the failure or success of one has an impact on the other (Pendergrast, 1993). Over a year, the Coca-Cola Company has built strong brands of drinks which cannot be imitated by its competitors (Pendergrast, 1993).COCA-COLA COMPANY STAKEHOLDERS| METHOD OF COMMUNICATION | BOTTLING PARTNERS | ISSUES CONSULTATION | EMPLOYEES| SURVEYS | NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS| ISSUES CONSULTATION | SHAREOWNERS | REGULAR COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION | SUPPLIERS| REVIEW MEEETINGS | COMMUNITIES| CONSULTATION AND INTERVEW | CONSUMERS| FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS AND INTERVIEWS| The table shows the method of communication used by Coca-Cola Company in reaching out to its stakeholders. Organizational structure of Coca-Cola CompanyCoca-Cola Company president | Staff Manufacturing Plant | Finance Marketing | Europe Division, Latin America, Division, North America Division, Africa Division, Pacific Division | Many Subdivisions | References Coca Cola Company. , & Quality Information Publishers. (2007). Historic vending machine films. Asheville, N. C. : Quality Information Publishers. Hays, C. L. (2004).Pop: Truth and power at the Coca-Cola Company. London: Hutchinson. Isdell, E. N. , & Beasley, D. (2011). Inside Coca-Cola: A CEO's life story of building the world's most popular brand. New York: St. Martin's Press. Kalapos, G. (2006). Fertility goddesses, groundhog bellies ; the Coca-Cola Company: The origins of modern holidays. Toronto: Insomniac. Bel l, L. (2004). The story of Coca-Cola. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media. Pendergrast, M. (1993). For God, country, and Coca-Cola: The unauthorized history of the great American soft drink and the company that makes it. New York: Scribner's.

Characterization, Theme, and Imagery of Ray Bradburys The Pedestrian

Two works cited by humans have made great progress in inventions such as television. However, as kids gave up reading and played outside to connect TV, people might wonder if it is progressing or returning. In The Pedestrian, Ray Bradbury chose to state the effects of these improvements. Through expression and image he shows that humans will no longer exist if human progresses until society loses humanity. Ray Bradbury's The Pedestrian is a short story about a man named Leonard Mead on the future of AD 2052. Bradbury created a rare scene with a powerful image and metaphor. And it also contributed to the theme that appears through short stories. This story happens in a future dyspeak society in 2052. This book was featured on the streets of a vacant city of Leonardo Meade, a rare city born in Waukegan, Illinois on August 22, 1920. Since 11 years old, Bradbury is interested in writing books and novels. He accepted high school education and kept teaching himself. Also, I sold newspapers at the time of writing and I spend most of the time at the library. In the same year he graduated in 1938 and he published his first short story in the magazine Hollerbochen's Dilemma. Until 1942 51 When reading Ray Bradbury's story, the reader can see that he is writing a distinctive style; with the story pedestrian his style is quite obvious. First of all, this story belongs to the type of science fiction. Another aspect of his style is that unlike other people like such Leonard Mead, his character is often lonely. Third, he uses images to explain settings and characters. Therefore, Bradbury's style is revealed in this story. Question: Writers start their work and ask their readers to stop and think about their investigation. I preview BIG 3 and it ends with paper. Short stories and anecdotes: Writers provide a short story (story) related to their subjects in order to quote examples and attract viewers' interests. Next, we preview the paragraph theme quickly and it ends with the paper. Quotation: Writers refer to persuasive or topic-related statements made by authoritative sources regarding their subject. Quote or say the lyrics of the lyrics. Please use your mother / dad / grandma always to say something Among pedestrians, Ray Bradbury wanted to draw on events that had been stopped by policemen while walking with friends at night. Person 50). The character formation and symbolism of this short story shows how society develops when people depend on technology. There are too many mobile phones, too many internet, you have to remove those machines, there are too many machines. (Time 1) Even today I will introduce his skill using this citation It is. Do not trust his moon before his 90th birthday. Ray Bradbury's pedestrian shows the distrust of his own technology and the idea of ​​how to end if the technical society is about to end.

Intellectual Property Law in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intellectual Property Law in England - Essay Example However, it is essential to note that the legal relationships between different objects, individuals, and the state are not easily justifiable. According to Ayn Rand (1966), he states, "patents are the heart and core of property rights, and once they are destroyed, the destruction of all other property rights will follow automatically, as a brief postscript.†1 Over the years, intellectual property has continuously changed to a widespread and significant form of ownership title. There is also the introduction of ‘Post Industrial Society’ identified in Naisbitts text Megatrends.2 This scenario has caused a strain on customs and laws that have been enacted to protect intellectual property since many industries are indulging into manufacturing and manipulation of the existing goods to enable use of information, which in turn liberates the production. The presence of immensely enhanced information-handling technologies combined with the huge role information is providin g in our society there is a lot of theft or piracy of information. This leads us to the issue of Patent, Copyright, and trade secrets, which have led to numerous suits in academic, and several industries. The public has, therefore shown a lot of concern over the validity of intellectual property institutions. ... Intellectual Property Law in England Intellectual Property Rights can be defined as the rights given to a person over what is usually a unique creation of their own minds. The creator is given exclusive rights to use this creation for a given period. This law encapsulates a whole range of intangible assets, which include music, Assets, artistic work, discoveries, and even factory trade secrets. The law is there to avoid infringement of these rights by other parties for personal benefit while at the same time maintaining the competitiveness of the market. Introduction of these laws has brought about many disputes in the business world. Some of the cases that are leading in the English law that deal with copyright law include Exxon Corp. v. Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd..4 In this case, the court ruled that a name invented or otherwise, does not incorporate a copyright and an infringement to a trademark can only occur when the infringing party actively takes part in the market segment. Another important case is Kenrick v. Lawrence 5 In this case; the courts laid out the extent for which a work is granted copyright protection and it also indicated the point where expression converts to an idea in which case the latter is not protected, but the expression is protected. There are several other laws such as Aerotel v Telco and Macrossan's Application6 and that the English uses for reference in deciding cases that are related to intellectual property. The British Statute of Anne7 was the first statute established to regulate copyright through the courts and the government instead of being governed by private parties.

Counting terrorism in Nigeria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Counting terrorism in Nigeria - Essay Example They are using violence and intimidation in a bid to overthrow the Nigerian government and to replace it with an Islamic one. Boko Haram believes that western education is a sacrilege and is highly prohibited. It has had numerous social, economic and political consequences in the country and should be speedily curbed. The term terrorism is not news to our ears since it has dominated various media outlets. Terrorism has had devastating effects on the political, social and economic development in various societies. The contemporary society is full of mushrooming terrorist groups like Al-Qaida, Taliban, Al-Shabaab, Hezbollah and Boko Haram among others. What is terrorism? The word terrorism, originates from the word terror. According to Hornby (2000), terror is defined as a feeling of extreme fear. â€Å"Terrorism is the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce especially for political purposes† (Dictionary.com 2012). Terrorists often stage sudden attacks on the unsuspecting civilians to push their agenda. Terrorism is an activity that has been condemned by most governments of the world; the United States taking the centre stage. Having explicated terrorism in general, we can now narrow down to a particular terrorist group, Boko Haram, in Nigeria. The paper will explore current terrorist activities in Nigeria by this group. It is in order to understand the term, Boko Haram. According to Domingo (2012), it is a terrorist group that was founded by one Mohammed Yusuf between 2001 and 2002. Northern Nigeria is predominantly occupied by the Kanuri ethnic group, and it is the stronghold of Boko Haram. Terrorist assemblages are often formed and propagated by the drive of revenge, believing that they have suffered historical injustices, which may be religious, political, social and economic in nature. Terrorist groupings do not believe in dialogue and have resorted to barbaric violent ways of handling concerns. They believe that the government is doing

Factors that affect Foreign Direct Investment Essay

Factors that affect Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example From the investor’s point of view expansion to increase earnings by exploiting the resources available at a foreign location is the one of the main reason and objective of foreign direct investments. From the point of view of host and the source countries, the attaining and. Or sustaining the economic growth and society welfare are factors that induce foreign direct investments. Other factors that might impact the growth of foreign direct investments include changes in exchange rates, political regime/ development/ considerations, taxation rates and considerations in host country, macroeconomic variables, and the comparative advantages of an economy. FDIs are attracted basically induced when rate of return on the investment is at least more than internal rate of return. Exchange rate changes between the countries affect costs of productions and also the costs of assets to be acquired or installed using foreign investments. Economic growth and welfare considerations affect FDIs not only directly but also through other factors, as these considerations become the objectives to be attained through foreign direct investments. Politics intrudes in almost every business and social activity, and sometime political risks prove fatal for foreign direct investments. That is the reason foreign investors prefer democratic regimes in comparison with authoritarian administrations. Taxation rates of host country are often used as tools to promote considerations that affect inflow and outflow of foreign capital. Macroeconomic factors’ impacts bring direct affects on FDIs and include inflationary factors, stabilized exchange rates, GDP generation, availability of skilled labour, and the size of available market. Location advantages are so important that FDI decisions are often termed as location decisions. This paper studies the impacts and affects of these

Discussion 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Discussion 2 - Assignment Example The second issue explains the need for the American voters to protect the wellbeing of their families. According to the advert, this will be achieved through safeguarding and increasing the employment in the manufacturing sector, which employs thousands of Americans. The advert encourages the voters to vote for a new president, who will ensure the growth of the American manufacturing sector. The discussion on the second post explains two quotes. The first quote illustrates that individuals do not desire intimidation, and that people usually find ways of preventing threats to their wellbeing. The 2012 political advert developed by the Republican Party, jokingly illustrated Obama as a national security threat. This was in an attempt of influencing the American voters to strongly vote in the Republican presidential candidate. The emotional appeal was aimed at ensuring Republican victory in the presidential elections. The second quote shows that the Obama administration operated from one disaster to another. The joking illustration of the continuous disasters was in the form of a Pink Panther cartoon. The disasters represent the despised relationship between Obama and the Russian

How Social and Psychological Factors Influence a Specific Aspect of Coursework

How Social and Psychological Factors Influence a Specific Aspect of Health - Coursework Example This paper illustrates that smoking has been argued to cause health complications which in turn causes serious sociological implications. Sundmacher argues that in the European Union alone, smoking causes over half a million deaths annually. Smoking poses a threat to the health of pregnant women. Although women smokers are likely to quit smoking during pregnancy, the majority go back to in less than one year after giving birth. Elsewhere, evidence gathered from a case-controlled study suggest that smoking could be protective against Alzheimer's disease. Broe continues to argue that smoking has no net gain in the aspect of cognitive functioning. Such an assertion can be because there exist evidence linking smoking as a risk factor for the development of vascular dementia. In addition, smoking has been associated with a prevalence of lower weight. Reduced tobacco usage is undeniably an important public health goal. The reason behind this is, smoking has been strongly related to health complications and premature mortality. On the other hand, smoking cessation has been linked to weight gain. Reduced prevalence of smoking cases has been suggested as one the risk factor associated with obesity. A rational model of addiction developed by Becker and Murphy offers insights on why people engage in potentially addictive behaviors of smoking. Gender is the first social element of choice that affects the health. Gender can be expressed as the social distinctions between men and women. Although they tend to get sick more than men, women have been argued to live on average five years longer compared to men. They are reported to have more non-fatal chronic illness and more acute illness. Women have higher rates of depression, and this exposes them to use more depression medication. Compares to men, women are more likely to develop high blood pressure and kidney complications.

Resource and Capabilities of Huawei Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Resource and Capabilities of Huawei - Essay Example Global telecom market has gone through systematic changes wherein from a fragmented industry, it becomes more like a centralized industry with the focus on developing core competencies through the centralization of manufacturing and production facilities. With the changes in the technology, however, there occurred a systematic shift in the way organizations in the industry attempted to dominate the market. Â  However, there still remains a big question mark as to whether the firm will be able to climb the technology ladder and start offering high-end technology products in the international market. It is also critical to note whether the firm will be able to challenge CISCO-one of the leading providers of networking and communication equipment in the international market. If it can what resources and capabilities it may require to successfully challenging the CISCO. Â  The resource-based view of the strategic management indicates as to how firms can develop their internal resources and capabilities in order to perform better than their competitors. Resource-based view also indicates that a firm must deploy its resources in most efficient and optimal level so as to maximize the returns for shareholders. Development of strategic capabilities is, therefore, one of the most critical aspects of strategic management which a firm needs to perform. The acquisition of various resources and competencies, therefore, offer a firm a great opportunity to develop its competitive advantage and successfully meet the competitive challenges. (Cromb,2006). Â  The resource capabilities can either be specific to the organization as well as generic capabilities that allow firms to focus on their customer needs and requirements to deliver value. Various studies indicate that the high performing firms which focus on delivering value to a greater extent basically distinguish such firms from the low performing firms.(O’Regan & Ghobadian, 2004).

Democracy in the Final Quarter of the 20th Century in Latin America Essay

Democracy in the Final Quarter of the 20th Century in Latin America - Essay Example The Latin American region also meant that the struggle was intense and largely supported by the US in an attempt to buttress its hegemony in the region (Bethell, 2009). The seventies saw the emergence of leftist ideas in Latin American nations. The political-military elite of these nations saw the rise of leftist ideas as a threat to the already established systems of governance. In order to protect their nations from leftist ideology, the ruling elite turned to more authoritarian forms of government such as military dictatorships. The example of Chile, Argentina, Venezuela and many other Latin American countries supports this idea. These regimes often employed brute tactics to weed out the leftist factions and to avoid an armed struggle against the central governments. Harrowing tales of murder, political assassinations, rape, plundering, confiscation of property and the like are rampant in Latin America at the time. Chile’s dictator Auguste’ Pinochet, for example, is famous for the blatant elimination of his political opponents without any trials. The struggle in Nicaragua that put the Sandinista regime in charge was marked with bloo d and violence to fortify the seat of power. These actions on the part of these regimes infused a spirit of freedom from oppression in the masses in these nations (Skidmore & Smith, 2005). It is, therefore, no surprise that there were myriad leftist armed struggles in Latin America that were calling for regime change by the final quarter of the twentieth century. The entanglement of these military regimes in armed struggles also meant that the economy had to pay a heavy price. In certain other cases such as Argentina, the economy turned to shambles due to nepotism, mismanagement and usurpation of public resources (Stein & Hunt, 2007). It was common practice for military regimes to take onto armed adventures in order to divert public attention from the state of the economy. For example, the Argentinean military regime was made famous by its  myopic decision to invade the Falklands that exposed the Argentinean military’s weakness against a formidable British military.  

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Essay Executive Summery TEVTA was formed by an Ordinance No XXIV of 1999 promulgated by Governor of the Punjab. Government of Punjab passed an ordinance to provide for the constitution of the Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) of the Punjab. The prime aim of TEVTA is to provide technically and skilled trained human resources to the Industry in the province, as per their demand. Another function of TEVTA is Develop and offer Need Based Short Courses in the sector of new technologies to the Industry and also to offer services for solutions regarding associated production problems and establish a Staff Development System to offer demand oriented teacher instructor training and upgrading performance. TEVTA Regulate and develop standards of technical education and vocational training including internationally recognized curriculum, examination and certification system and assess the Manpower Training Needs in the context of domestic and global markets. Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) was set up by Government of the Punjab for promoting enhancing technical education vocational training in the province. TEVTA is operating about 25 Technical institutes/colleges, 114 commerce colleges, 303 vocational institutes and 17 Service Centres total 472 Institutions for this purpose more than 11000 Staff is working under its umbrella. TEVTA also providing Training to their employees and students all over the Punjab in various technical courses. There are two sub-departments of Human Resource Management department. One is Training Department and second one is Career Planning department. This report briefly discussing the functions of HR department in TEVTA. This report also including the suggestions and points out the area in improvements can be. In this report I briefly discussed the business sector of TEVTA organization, history of the organization, nature of the organization, service lines of TEVTA organization. I have also presented the organization hierarchy chart with details of each department and introduction, I have also given the comments on organization structure that what is the impact of organization hierarchy on different factors and I VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN vii TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY viii have also discussed the decision making impact, chain of command and span of control. I have also discussed the brief introduction of my department where I worked in and wrote the detailed description of operation and activities of the departments I worked in. Next I described HRM department hierarchy and its subdepartments. Next I explained the HR needs, sources of candidates, employment selection process, Training Need Assessment (TNA), Performance Appraisal, types of compensation and benefits, organization job changes, separations, layoff, labour management relations, terminations, resignation and retirement I have also discussed the promotion, transfer, demotion. After going through all these topics I have also included Critical Analysis and SWOT analysis of organization in the service sector. After that reader will find conclusion and recommendation for improvement of services. In this report I have explained all my observations and experience got in TEVTA during my internship tenure regarding HRD, recruitment and selectio n, performance appraisal. I go into the assignments with details given by the internship supervisors with detail of each assignment. I spent good time in learning and learnt to deal with different situations and had experience of organization environment. I would like to highlight that my experience with TEVTA organization was very memorable and full of learning’s. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN viii TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY. ix Table of Contents S. No Description Introduction Of Technical Education Sector 8-Brief introduction of the organization’s business sector 9-Overview of TEVTA a. History b. Nature of TEVTA c. Business volume d. Product lines e. Competitors 10-Organizational Structure a. Organizational Hierarchy chart b. Number of employees c. Main offices d. Introduction of all departments e. Comments on the organizational structure 11-Plan Of Your Internship Program a. Introduction of TEVTA Secretariat Lahore b. Starting ending dates of internship c. Description of the departments 12-Training Program a. Descriptions of the operations/activities of the departments b. Descriptions of the tasks assigned 13-Structure Of The HR Department a. Department hierarchy b. Number of employees c. Descriptions of Sub Departments. 14-Functions of HR Department a. Human resource planning and forecasting ? HRP process ? Forecasting HR requirements ? Methods to forecast HR needs b. Employees Recruitment Selection ? Sources of candidates ? Employment selection process c. Training Development ? Training need assessment ? Employee development Page No 1 3 4 4 4 9 10 13 13 14 22 24 25 25 26 28 36 36 36 39 39 39 41 41 42 46 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN ix TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY x d. Performance Management ? Setting performance standards expectations ? How performance reports are written e. Employee Compensation Benefits ? Type of compensation benefits f. Organizational Career Management ? Employee job changes ? Job changes with the organization ? Promotion ? Transfer ? Demotion ? Separations ? Layoff ? Termination ? Resignation ? Retirement g. Labor Management Relations 15-Critical Analysis a. Success and failure b. Future prospects 16-SWOT Analysis a. Strengths b. Weaknesses c. Opportunities d. Threats 17-Conclusion Evaluation Assessment 18-Recommendations For Improvement Solution of Discrepancies 19-Reference Sources Used 20-Annexes 46 47 56 57 57 57 57 58 59 59 60 60 61 62 65 66 67 68 68 67 70 71 72 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN x TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 1 8-Brief introduction of the organization’s business sector The nature of this organization is to develop a skilled workforce for the local industry. TEVTA develops the skilled and technically experienced workforce for local industries. TEVTA also provides business solutions to industrial units. TEVTA playing very important role for Re-engineering and consolidate the existing technical education and vocational training system under one management structure. TEVTA Established close relationships with various sectors of economy namely Agriculture, industry, Services and Commerce. TEVTA Regulate and develop standards of technical education and vocational training including internationally recognized curriculum, examination and certification system and assess the Manpower Training Needs in the context of domestic and global markets. Another function of TEVTA is Develop and offer Need Based Short Courses in the sector of new technologies to the Industry and also to offer services for solutions regarding associated production problems and establish a Staff Development System to offer demand oriented teacher instructor training and upgrading performance. E D U C A T I O N T R A I N I N G SE C T O R Labour Market Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech. ) Diploma of Associate Engineers (D. A. E. ) Technical Education M. Com. B. Com. D. Com DBA Apprenticeship Training Certificate G-II G-III Certificate. Vocational Diploma/ Certificate Commerce Education Vocational Training High School Middle School Primary School VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 1 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 2 TEVTA is engaged in imparting technical education and vocational training through its 472 institutions which fall under the below mentioned categories. ? ? ? ? ? ? Government Technical Training Centres Government Technical Training Institutes Government Vocational Training Institutes Government Commercial Training Institutes Government Polytechnic Institutes Government Colleges of Technology. TEVTA in service sector also providing technical solutions to the industry. It registers the organizations through website interface and provides the solution of their problems registered with TEVTA. Courses of different levels and of different duration are being offered in TEVTA institutions to address the public and employer’s demand. In addition to vocational / technical courses of up to 3 years. â€Å"Degree courses for B-Com, B-Tech (Pass) and B-Tech (Honour) are also offered in Government Colleges of Commerce and Government Colleges of Technology†. In education sector TEVTA provides the cheapest education and training to their students that low cost syllabus books and practical and in some cases TEVTA charge no fee from students, free training materials is provided by the institutions and students are supported with stipend. TEVTA in education sector providing technical, commerce and vocational training education and occupied the large part of technical education sector in Punjab. All institutes registered with TEVTA are funded by TEVTA. TEVTA approves PC-1 and issues the finance to the concerned institutes. TEVTA helps all registered institutes with procurement, purchasing machinery and construction of institute buildings. TEVTA is in direct relationship with industry sector, education sector, agriculture, commerce and service sector. TEVTA develops the curricula with the consultation of industry sector like leather, textile and agriculture. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 2 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 3 9-Overview of the organization TEVTA is a Technical Education Vocation Training Authority board who is responsible for the technical education training throughout the Punjab. It is formed by an Ordinance No. XXIV of 1999 promulgated by the Governor of the Punjab to fulfil the needs, wants and workforce of local industry by utilizing the vast network of training institutions. a. History TEVTA in collaboration with Chambers of Commerce Industry, Lahore has established its help-Desk within the premises of Chambers of Commerce Industry, Lahore. To assist/help the local industry by utilizing its vast network of training institutions, qualified and experienced faculty, to achieve the objectives of the project. Before TEVTA many technical institutes were working independently or under PSIC (Punjab Small Industries Export Corporation). PSIC was established by the government of Punjab to support, development and promotion of all small industrial units in Punjab. In 1999 PSIC handover many technical institutes to TEVTA authority. In 1999 TEVTA started work and start serving the all technical institutes in the Punjab and conduct first academic session in Punjab. In 1999 all technical institutes in Punjab started registration with TEVTA authority. The session was conducted of all technical institutes in 1999. The TEVTA board was fully functional at the end of year 1999 and all academic activities started under TEVTA board in 1999. Mission Statement To enhance global competitiveness in Punjab, through a quality and productive workforce by developing demand driven standardized, dynamic and integrated technical education and vocational training service. Service Volume TEVTA’s business volume is spread through out the Punjab serving 459 colleges. TEVTA has 17 Service Centres in all over the Punjab, providing services to all the institutes. And PBTE (Punjab Board of Technical Education) is also working under TEVTA. 45000 students enrol every year in TEVTA and PBTE. 3 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 4 b. Nature of TEVTA TEVTA is a vocational authority board who is responsible for vocation training all over the Punjab. For this purpose TEVTA board has established PBTE (Punjab Board of Technical Education). There are 472 vocational colleges who are working under TEVTA. TEVTA provides full funds and services to all registered institutes. And planning, organizing, leading and controlling all vocational institutes. The nature of this organization is to develop skilled workforce for the local and international industry. TEVTA also provides business solutions to industrial units. TEVTA playing very important role for Re-engineering and consolidate the existing technical education and vocational training system under one management structure. c. Service Lines TEVTA has a very long list of services providing. TEVTA offering many type of short and associate engineering courses in all o ver the Punjab. The list of TEVTA’s product line is given below. TEVTA providing Commerce Education, Training Education and vocation Education. d. Courses Offered Degree B. Tech Auto Diesel Chemical Civil Mechanical Refrigeration Air Conditioning Electrical Electronics Auto and Farm B. Tech (Hons) Auto Diesel Electronics and Communication Chemical Civil Mechanical Refrigeration Air Conditioning Electrical Auto Diesel Electronics and Communication DAE Duration 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 4 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 5. Architecture Auto Diesel Chemical Civil Mechanical Refrigeration Air Conditioning Auto and Farm Automation Bio Medical Computer Information Technology Electrical Electronic Textile Weaving Technology Foundry Pattern Making Instrumentation Printing Graphic Arts Textile Spinning Welder Food Technology Telecom Petroleum Petrochemical Dress Designing Making Diploma Diploma in Electronics Publishing Technology Higher National Diploma (Telecom) Higher National Diploma (Chemical) Higher National Diploma (Electronics) Higher National Diploma (Mechanical) Higher National Diploma (Textile) Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology Diploma in  Office Management Post Diploma Bio Medical Technology Environmental Control Technology Commerce Education Master Degree M. Com Graduation Degree B. Com Diploma (2 year) Diploma in Business Administration Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years 1 year 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 1 year 1 year 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 2 Years 2Years 2 Years 1 Year 5 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 6. Diploma in Vocational Girls Certificate Certificate in Computer Applications Certificate in Computer Applications Spoken English Spoken English Vocational Education Vocational Diploma (1-2 years) Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology Dress Designing Making Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma G-II (2 years) Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology Dress Designing Making Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma G-III (1 year) Mechanical (G-III) Refrigeration Air Conditioning (G-III) Auto and Farm (G-III) Electrical (G-III) Electronics (G-III). Auto Farm Machinery (G-III) Auto Electrician (G-III) Auto Mechanic(G Carpenter (G-III) Commercial Arts / Graphics (G-III) Computer and Electronics (G-III) Computer Operator (G-III) Draftsman Civil (G-III) Draftsman Mechanical(G Electrician (G-III) Fitter General (G-III) Industrial Electronics (G-III) Machinist (G-III) Mechanist (G-III) Painter (G-III) Electronics Application (Radio TV) (G-III) Tractor and Auto Mechanic (G-III). Welder (G-III) Computer Hardware (G-III) General Mechanic (G-III) 2 Years 3 Months 6 Months 3 Months 4 Months 2 Years 1 Year 2-Year 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 1 Year 2-Year G-II 2 Years 2 Years 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 6 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 7. Motor Winding (G-III) Tailoring (G-III) Wood Work (G-III) Auto Mechanic(Diesel (G-III) Auto Mechanic(Petrol) (G-III) Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVACR) (G-III) Turner (G-III) Electrical Wiring Technician (G-III) Machine Shop (G-III) Bulldozer Operator (G-III) Textile Printing (G-III) Office Secretary (G-III) Mill Wright (G-III) Sports Goods Leather Work (G-III) Sports Goods Wood (G-III) Office Management Assistant (G-III) Dress Designing Making (G-III) Machine Embroidery (G-III) Beautician (G-III) Hair and skin Care (G-III) Fashion Designing (G-III) Certificate Refrigeration Air Conditioning Auto and Farm Auto Farm Machinery Auto Electrician Carpenter Computer Operator Computer Operator Electrician Machinist Mechanist Welder Driving Motor Winding Plumber Plumber Plumber Tailoring Tailoring Wood Work Auto Cad Auto Cad Auto Mechanic(Diesel) Auto Mechanic(Petrol) 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 3 12 6 3 6 6 3 6 6 6 7 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 8. Certificate in Computer Applications Certificate in Computer Applications Electronics Equipment Repair Home Appliances Repair Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Mason/Bricks Layer Tractor Operator Turner Electrical Wiring Technician Machine Shop Bulldozer Operator Sheet Metal Civil Surveyor Mobile Repairing Mobile Repairing Certificate in Computer Graphics Wireman Paint Polish Electrical Appliances Machine Process for Wood Furniture Motor Cycle Mechanic Dress Designing Making Dress Designing Making Hand Embroidery Hand Embroidery Knitting Hand Machine Embroidery Machine Embroidery Beautician Beautician Certificate Vocational Girls (1 Year Certificate). Diploma in Vocational Girls (Additional) (Diploma 1 Year) Handicraft Industrial Stitching Machine Operator Leather Work Painting Painting Rural Poultry Spoken English Spoken English Stain Glass Painting Cooking Baking Domestic Tailoring Drawing Designing Electrical Mechanical (Vocational ) 3 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 3 6 3 3 6 3 12 12 12 6 3 3 3 6 6 3 4 3 3 3 3 6 8 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 9. Diploma in Vocational Teacher Training (Diploma 1 Year) Decoration Printing English Language e. Competitors There is not any considerable competitor in Punjab Province. 12 3 3 3 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 9 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 10 10-Organization Structure a. Organizational Hierarchy chart Organizational hierarchy is the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated. To achieve the main objective of the TEVTA structure is designed which is given asunder. Chairman TEVTA Secretary TEVTA Chairman PBTE COO Chairman TEVTA has the final authority in TEVTA to make amendments in TEVTA organization Structure. The Secretary TEVTA, COO (Chief Operating Officer) and the Chairman of PBTE (Punjab Board of Technical Education) is reported to Chairman TEVTA. Secretary TEVTA Manager P. Relations Manage HRM Manager Establishment Manager Inquiry Manager Legal All Managers of TEVTA, 1. Manager Public Relations (PR), 2. Manager Human Resource Management (HRM), 3. Manager Establishment, 4. Manager Inquiry and 5. Manager Legal matters are make reports to Secretary TEVTA. And all managers are also reported to their General Managers. COO TEVTA General Manager Finance General Manager SCs General Manager HRM General Manager Projects General Manager Operations General Manager Academic VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 10  TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 11 Chairman PBTE Trade Testing Board (Development Cell) General Manager Finance Manager Audit Manager Finance Manager MIS General Manager Human Resources Manager. Career Planning Manager Training General Manager Projects Manager Works General Manager Operations Manager Planning Manager Operations-I Manager Operations-II Manager Monitoring Manager Technical General Manager Academics Manager AA Manager AT Manager Curriculum Manager RD VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 11 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 12 General Manager Service Centres Manager Service Centres Organization Hierarchy Chart Organization Structure Of TEVTA. Chairman TEVTA BOARD Director (RD) (D) Secretary/C. O. O. (A) District Boards of Management Chairman (PBTE) Manager PR (I) Manager Legal (C) Manager HRM (A) Manager Enquiry (S) Manager Estt (B) GM Finance (A) Manager (MIS) (M) GM (Projects) (N) Manager (Admin) (Z) Advisor (PP) (G) GM Operations (A) GM Service Center (L) GM HRM (K) GM Academics (A) Dy. GM Finance (L) Dy. GM Service Centers (O) Manager Development (N) Manager Accounts (M) Manager Finance (A) Manager Works (N) Manager Projects (N) Manager Service Centers (F) Manager Training (A/R) Manager Career Planning (P/R) Manager Ops. I (E) Manager Ops. II(E) Manager Tech. (E) Manager ME (E) ZN-N (A). ZM-C (A) ZM-S (A) Manager (AA) (M) Manager Apprenticeship (J) Manager Curriculum (A) Manager (AC) (K) 07 DMs 07 DMs 07 DMs (A) (A) (A) Principals Principals Principals VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 12 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 13 b. Number of Employees Civil Employees. TEVTA Secretariat Institutes Zonal Office DM Office RDAT Development Cell Total 155 7830 24 71 58 31 8169 TEVTA Employees. 308 3285 20 162 12 2 3789 PSIC 2 663 0 0 0 0 665 Total 465 11778 44 233 70 33 12623 Vacant 145 3183 21 87 20 11 3467 c Main Offices Sr# 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Offices Public Relation Office Gulberg Human Resource Management Office Gulberg Career Planning Office Gulberg Establishment Office Gulberg Operations Management Offices Gulberg Inquiry Office Gulberg Research and Development Office Gulberg Curriculum Office Gulberg Service Centers Office Gulberg Training Office Gulberg AD Office Gulberg Academic Audit Office Gulberg Project Management Office Gulberg Administration Office Gulberg Examination and Certification Office Gulberg Govt. Institute of Leather Technology, Gujranwala. Cutlery Small Tools Industry Service Centre, Wazirabad. Light Engineering Service Centre, Gujranwala. Institute of Ceramics, Gujrat. Wood Working Service Centre, Gujrat. Govt. Wool Spinning Weaving Cum-Training Centre, Jhang Centre for Agricultural Machinery Industries, Govt. Weaving Finishing Institute, Shahdara. Govt. Polytechnic Institute, Shahdara. Pak German Institute of Cooperative Agriculture, Multan Institute of Blue Pottery Development, Multan (Productive/Service Centre) 13 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 14 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Wood Work Centre, Kot Addu (Productive/Service Centre) Wood Working Service Centre, Rawalpindi Metal Industry Development Centre, Sialkot Cantt. Govt. Weaving Finishing Centre Shahdara Knitwear Hosiery Centre, Faisalabad d. Introduction of All Departments Human Resource Management Department. The main function of Human Resource Management department is to recruitment, conducting staff training, handling pension cases, handling promotion cases, enquiry matters, service matters, amendments in service rules and union matters. Main functions of HRM department. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Employee’s performance evaluation Evaluation performance and improve organizational performance Job Evaluation Job  analysis Develop job Descriptions/positions according to the organization needs. Staffing. Issuance of vacancies of civil employees. Employee’s promotions and transfers. Recruitment and selection of people. Record Maintenance. Training Department Training department is a sub department of Human Resources department. Training department is responsible for conducting training programs. Training department assess the weak areas of the organization’s employees and conduct the training program for them. If there is any development in TEVTA curriculum and sallybus then training department conduct the training program for teacher for effectiveness in studies. Main functions of Training Department. ? Study gap analysis. 14 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 15 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Trraining need assessment.. All skill up-gradation trainings. Pedagogy Trainigs. Matters relating with curriculum % manuals. Create training or development specification. Plan training and evaluation. Prepare Annual Training Plan/ Calendar. Finalization of Nominations, Venue Master Trainer Monitoring of Training activity. Proposal of nominations after short listing. Forward Nominations to PD. Preparation of cost / budget estimates release of funds. At the end of training program conducting Feedback from students. Data entry in MIS. Career Planing Department Career planning department is working under Human Resource Management department. Career planning department is a new personnel function. Career planning department of TEVTA is focusing on to motivate their employees towards their jobs with high efficiently and effectiveness. Career planning department of TEVTA has deep focus on individual employee potentials for promotion towards the organization needs and opportunities. Career planning department also help and cooperate with all internees came in TEVTA. Main functions of Career planning department. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Guidance of students, internees, and organization employees. Developing of job specifications and job descriptions. Maintaining of some sort of HR records of employees. Conduct of workshops/seminars for Placement Officers. Placement of Internees under NIP. Leave Account Termination of contract VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 15 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 16 ? ? Control absenteeism Short leave and late Attendance Fianancial Management Financial Management department handles the all money tax matters of and manages the financial resources of TEVTA and also leads the Administration department of TEVTA. Financial Management department performs the extensive responsibilities. Main function of Financial Management department ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Policy forming. Financial dicipline Financial analysis Tax matters Bugdeting Auiditing Internal Audit Physical Stocktaking Preparation of financial statements Sanctioning of Purchase Cases Release of Salary Development of Annual Budget and all procedures till approval Handling Financial Assistance Cases GPF Advance, Marriage, Funeral Grants Pension of PSIC Employees Release of LFA Administration Department Administration department perform all managerial functions. It handles three further departments, Diary and Dispatch department, Transport department, store department and to carry out any kind of security arrangements. Functions of Administration department ? Recruitment of contract employees in TEVTA secretariat and institutes all over the Punjab. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 16. TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 17 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Maintenance of time in / time out register. Number of approval for local vehicles Record keeping of diary and dispatch, LFA, store section and transport section. Tenders open in the presence of purchase committee and the Bidders Examining demand preparing advertisement Submitting advertisement to Public Relation section Request for interview schedule to Appointing authority Short listing of candidates Call letters are issued Preparation of Marks Sheets/Files Consolidated marks sheet for signatures Establishment Department Functions of Establishment department ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Examination Give proposal Final shaping of the Case for getting Approval of the Competent Authority Preparing summary For SGAD / Finance etc Issuance of NOC to the nominee Decision / Minutes are put up for approval of authority to convey for implementation Coordinate meeting Receiving Complaints Preparing the case for probe / inquiry Amendments in service rules of TEVTA Postings and transfers House building advances Matters relating to PBTE. Managing all kind of leaves such as, medical leave, earned leave, study leave, extra ordinary leave. ? ? ? Deputation of cases. Marriage grants and funeral grants. Finance assistance cases. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 17 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 18 ? ? To deal with Chief Minister’s complaint cell. Governments Circulars and Notifications. Legal Department Legal department is responsible for preparation of cases and proposals on TEVTA activities to help TEVTA to avoid from legislations. Finalize the parawise comments and submit to the competent authority, get signed the parawise comments from the Authority, present the rough draft of parawise comments, file the parawise comments in the Court, attend the Court on each date of hearing present/explain the case if necessary, put up the court order to the authority for implementation, attend the Court on each date of hearing and present/explain the in the Court and to provide legal opinions to TEVTA authorities. Enquiry Department Enquiry department is responsible of conducting enquiry of inefficiencies, misconduct, corruption, absence record of teacher and employees all over the Punjab, subversive activities and disciplinary actions. They investigate the activities/cases against the state in TEVTA institutions and all district managers and zonal managers. The competent authority of Enquiry department is secretary TEVTA. Enquiry department receive the cases of enquiry from grade 17 scale officers to 22 grade scale officers from all over the Punjab. Functions of inquiry department is to generate enquiry report, conducting enquiry of absence, corruption, misconduct, inefficiencies and activities against state matters, prepare the charge sheet / penal of enquiry officers / departmental representative. Research and Development Department Research and development department is responsible for overall development of TEVTA and its institutions, exercise market research, training need assessment and to coordinate with curriculum department for in development of curricula. Research and Development have to identify new trades and technologies in the market and TEVTA intuitions all over the Punjab. Functions of research and development department, approval of action plans industry visits, meetings with the stakeholders, review of draft TNA report, preparation of organization plans, coordinate with curriculum department and keep on eye on VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 18 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 19 changes development in sallybus, to plan, supervise and coordinate research and development activities in Punjab and to identify technologies trades at new intuitions Curriculum Department The responsibility of Curriculum development is to develop the curricula of TEVTA institutions. They develop the curricula of 3 year DAE classes, B. Tech classes, 1 year, 6 months and 3 months courses. But they have they authority of authentication the curricula of courses below the period of 3 years. 3 years a curriculum is approved by the NEVTEC the higher authority of TEVTA. Curriculum department evaluates revision and develop the curricula. Functions of Curriculum department ? Proposal for curricula development committee, curricula revision committee and curricula evaluation committee. ? ? ? Scrutiny of Proposal Approval of CDC/CRC/CEC Proposal for manual development committee, manual revision committee and manual evaluation committee. ? ? ? Approval of MDC / MRC / MEC Preparation of manual Approval of curricula below 3 years. Academics/Academic Audit Department The main responsibility of Academic Audit department is to conduct audit of all institutions registered by the TEVTA all over the Punjab. Academic Audit department audit the teachers lessons and the completion of lesson during the specified time period. They check student’s practical copies, attendance registers, institutes operating manual, training manual, play ground and practical equipments. They are also responsible to prepare academic calendar for all institutions all over the Punjab and for PBTE. Functions of AcademicsAcademic Aduit department ? ? ? ? Preparation of Rolling Plan for Academic Audit Vetting of Academic Audit Report Submission of Academic Audit Rep.

Why Play is Important for Children Essay Example for Free

Why Play is Important for Children Essay Children like to play, they need to run, chase, ride, skip and jump. The more they play, the more they want to play again. Play is important for Children because it practices their linguistic, cognitive and social skills and contributes to their general personality development. Children use their minds while playing, because they are thinking and acting as if they were another person. When they make such a transformation, they are taking a step forward abstract thinking in that they are freeing their thoughts from a focus on concrete objects. Play is also associated with creativity, especially the ability to be less literal and more flexible in ones thinking. Vygotskian who was a famous Russian psychologist wrote, In play a child always above his average age, above his daily behaviour; in play it is as though he were a head taller than himself. There are four types of play that reflect increasing levels of Childrens social interaction and sophistication. Solitary play is a play that takes place alone, often with toys, and is independent of what other children are doing. Parallel play involves children engaged in the same game or activity side by side but with very little interaction or common influence. Associative play is much like parallel play but with increased levels of interaction in terms of sharing, turn-taking and general interest in what others are doing. Cooperative play occurs when Children join and work together to achieve a common goal, such as building a large castle with each child building a part of the structure. Play have become quite indispensable to Childrens life, However, in order to motivate Children to learn from the games they are playing, Adults have responsibility to choose right playing method and age-appropriate games for the children. They are important elements to support the development of Childrens play. Types of Child’s Play Child’s play is seemingly limited only by imagination, but in general there are a few broad categories of child’s play that tend to cover the most common activities. Child’s play is often: * Quiet. These activities can often be conducted in one place, such as looking at books or working with blocks.  Children do not need great amounts of energy for quiet play and these activities are especially useful when a child is tired. * Creative. These activities allow a child to engage his/her imagination through painting, dancing, sculpting with clay and much more. Creative play allows children to come up with their own worlds, and many children enjoy being in charge of these activities. * Active. These activities require a good amount of energy and often help children develop their gross and fine motor skills. Playing with balls and climbing frames are examples of active child’s play. Cooperative. These activities involve more than one child. When children play with others and share their toys or take turns in an activity, they engage in cooperative play. * Dramatic/Role playing. Like creative play, children engage their imaginations during dramatic play or role playing and often take on the persona of a different character. Some dramatic play may take place with other children, though it might also include toys, dolls or even imaginary friends. Encouraging Child’s Play One of the most important things that a parent can do for their children is to be available for play. Activities that many parents enjoy doing with their children include: * Playing peek-a-boo with infants. * Singing silly songs and nursery rhymes with young children. * Reading to children of all ages. * Taking part in their children’s tea parties, school days or whatever other imaginary events they have dreamed up. * Dressing up in â€Å"costumes† and performing plays written and directed by their children. * Kicking or throwing a ball in the garden or park. * Playing â€Å"I spy† while out on walks or long drives. * Building towers of blocks or sand castles at the beach. For many parents, child’s play may seem lovely though relatively unimportant. If you find yourself wondering at the hours your child can spend engrossed in play, remember that (s)he is actually learning all about the world through these activities. Don’t wait for your child to invite you, join in and enjoy yourselves together! Learning through play Play helps young children to learn and develop their physical, social, emotional and intellectual skills through doing and talking, which research has shown to be the means by which young children learn to think. It is also how they learn to socialise as children engage in learning experiences with other children and adults. The Early Years Foundation Stage is a play based framework that childcare providers use as a tool to ensure that children from birth to five years are developing and learning to their full potential. Providers plan and provide a range of play activities, which help children to make progress in each of the key areas of learning and development identified by the framework: * Personal, social and emotional development. * Communication, language and literacy. Problem solving, reasoning and numeracy. * Knowledge and understanding of the world. * Physical development. * Creative development. There are lots of opportunities for you to help your child grow and learn. Parents can support their child’s development by choosing activities at home which gives them a chance to explore and use their imaginations. Visit our play activities page for ideas for fun activities for you and your child. The leaflet Learning Through Play contains further tips on how you can support your childs learning.

Advantages and disadvantages of Private labels for Reliance Retail Ltd

Advantages and disadvantages of Private labels for Reliance Retail Ltd Indian retail sector is valued at US$ 353 billion in 2009 2010 and is projected to reach US$ 543.2 billion by 2014. The Indian retail sector is the second-largest employer after agriculture IBEF Retail (2010), and this sector is primarily much unorganized / traditional. Organized retail in India is still in the nascent stage with only 5% penetration, The retailer, Ernst Young, Jan (2009) and this signifies the immense potential this holds for growth. Traditional Kirana stores (small mom-and-pop general stores) are now being replaced by large format stores like Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and other Specialty stores and these shifts is mainly due to the increased consumer expectations increase in the consumer class and will grow nearly from 50 million at present to 583 million by 2025. As discussed earlier Indian retail sector is highly unorganized and the access of modern retail is very negligible (5% penetration). And with the relaxation of Government policies pertaining to retail sector and with more addition of retail space every year will definitely boost the growth of modern / organized retail in India. And even the mindsets of Indian consumers are changing they are now very demanding in terms of value and a shift from low price goods to more focus on convenience and all this with a superior shopping experience, also they are more brand conscious these days. IBEF Retail, (2010) There are only a handful of organized key retailers in the Indian retail sector: Group Store Brands Tata Landmark(books and music), Croma( electronics), World of Titan (watches), Tanishq(jewellery), Titan Eye+ (eye wear),Westside (lifestyle retail store), Star Bazaar (hypermarket), Fashion Yatra (fashion store) Reliance Group Reliance Fresh (neighborhood store), Reliance Super (mini-mart), Reliance Mart (supermarket), Reliance Digital (consumer durables and information technology), Reliance TimeOut (books, music and entertainment), Reliance Trends (apparel and accessories), Reliance Wellness (health, wellness and beauty), iStore (Apple products), Reliance Footprint (footwear), Reliance Jewels, Reliance Living (home ware, furniture) and Reliance AutoZone (automotive products and services) Future Group Central (shopping mall), Big Bazaar (hypermarket), Pantaloons (fashion outlet), Blue Sky (sunglasses), eZone(electronics), KBs Fair Price (essential products), Navaras(jewellery), Planet Store (multi-brand sports and lifestyle speciality retail), aLL(fashion garments), Ethnicity (Indian ethnic wear), Home Town (home needs), Furniture Bazaar (furniture), Electronics Bazaar (electronics), Home Bazaar, Collection I (furniture), Brand Factory (multi-brand readymade apparels), Gen M One Mobile (cell phones), M-Port (electronics), Shoe Factory (footwear) and Depot (books and music) Few more to the list would be players like RPG group, K Raheja group, Landmark group, Bharti group, Mahindra group, Aditya Birla group and Vishal retail. IBEF Retail, (2010) In 2009 Reliance Retail as a part of its growth strategy planned to introduce Private labels in FMCG segment for selling in its retail stores (Livemint.com 2009). In view of the above it is decided to carry out a study to weigh the existing opportunity for Reliance Retail Ltd, acquisitions if any? And to evaluate the benefits of introduction of Private labels in its retail stores. Conceptual underpinnings of the research Retailing amongst the worlds biggest industries. From the marketing standpoint retailers are closer to consumers than the manufacturers (Reynolds 2004b, p.3). Many factors are accountable for the current changes in the modern retail management. Many large retailers have huge turnovers and employee strengths Wal-Mart employs 1.8 million worldwide and Carrefour the largest European retailer (no.2) has more than 12,000 stores across the globe. Joachim Zentes, (2007). ESTABLISHED FORMATS: Kirana stores Departmental stores Evolution of Retail in India: EMERGING FORMATS: Hypermarkets Supermarkets Specialty storesetc CONVENTIONAL FORMATS: Melas Mandis The advantages of Private Label: The key advantage from a retailer perspective could be the Private labels will fill the needs gap that is present in the market place unique product or a differentiated product in the market place. The critical aspect of the private label for the retailer is that it gives the retailer a higher profit margin than what is offered on other brands. Though the Private label introduction may not always be advantageous to the retailer as they may face hostile response from other brand manufacturers and hence the retailer must have a good monetary base Swapna Pradhan,(2008) Mergers Acquisitions: Both these terms are used as though they were identical, but in real sense they are both different. An acquisition occurs when one company takes over the management of another business clearly establishing itself as the new owner of that firm. Merger occurs when two companies agree mutually to work together as a single entity going forward. This can be mergers of two companies of equal size or unequal sizes Edward Gerald, (2005) Companies through Mergers Acquisitions can expect to achieve: Edward Gerald, (2005) Competitive advantage over others Increase its market share / profitability To enter new markets / geographies Access to latest technology / talent Diversification into new businesses Purpose The key focus of this study is to explore: The advantages / disadvantages for Reliance Retail Ltd after introducing Private labels? And also explore if there is any scope for growth by inorganic means. SWOT for Reliance Retail Ltd Research questions What are the advantages / disadvantages for Reliance Retail Ltd with the introduction of Private Label? Is there any opportunity for Reliance for acquisitions in retail space? Scope of the present research project: The current study is carried out at the Reliance Fresh outlets located in Bangalore, India, due to restrictions and limited time available. Such a study can also be carried out at Reliance fresh stores across all the major Indian cities. Section -2: Research methodology 2.1 Research strategy Research methodology is a systematic method of solving a research problem. It includes the set of methods and techniques required to approach a particular research problem. In general marketing research process can be split into the following broad steps: Ranjit Kumar,(2005) Data Collection Research Design Problem Definition Data Analysis Report Presentation 2.2 Sampling Sampling can be defined as a process of drawing conclusions to the whole but by only probing a part of it Ranjan Kumar, (1996). Private Labels has already been introduced by few of retail giants here in India and Mergers Acquisitions in Indian retail space is almost negligible in order to probe further into this Reliance fresh outlets (Store Managers) in Bangalore will be contacted. And Convenience sampling will be used as the sampling technique as this will be more appropriate for such a study. The sample size of 15 Reliance fresh stores has been selected here. 2.3 Data collection Data collection forms an important part of any research project. Data can either be from Primary or Secondary sources. Primary data refers to the data collected by the researcher in context to the research and these are mainly collected through a structured Questionnaire consisting of both open ended and closed ended questions. For the current study primary data forms the core. The questionnaire will be sent to the concerned personnel via email and also based on requirement they may also be contacted on their phones. Secondary data can be from trade associations, journals, news articles and other research information providers like IBEF (Indian brand equity foundation) 2.4 Data analysis Data obtained from the sources will be processed to obtain information using which the researcher will arrive at a conclusion and make his recommendations / give insights (Decision making) to the client. 2.5 Validity and Reliability Validity and Reliability are often associated with each other. Reliability is defined as any test or procedure yielding the same output for a given set of repeated trials. Reliability does not mean Validity. Validity in general refers to the concepts conclusions that correspond to the real world. Edward Richard, (1986) 2.6 Access The research is primarily based on the ease of data accessibility and for this research store managers of Reliance Retail Ltd in Bangalore will be contacted either by sending the questionnaire via email or by contacting them on phones and prior to this we are required to fix a suitable time slot with the Store manager for the interview. And the final output from this study will be shared with all the Store managers who has been interviewed during this study. 2.7 Gantt Chart Task Description Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 Literature Review 1.1 Workshop on user needs 1.2 Draft of methodology 1.3 Evaluation of methodology 2 Specification of Integrated System 2.1 Inventory of resources in selected regions 2.2 Review of existing facilities 2.3 Specify technical developments required 2.4 Impact analysis of different scenarios 2.5 Prepare detailed business plans 3 Feasibility Studies for each region    3.1 Review existing practices    3.2 Review technologies (state of the art)    3.3 Sensitivity analysis of scenarios    3.4 Report on most suitable options 4 Project Management and Coordination Dissemination of information: Workshops Milestones and Deliverables Guideline for methodology Interim Reports Business Plans for four regions Draft Public Workshop on results Final Report

Terrorism in Kenya Essay -- A Level Essays

Terrorism in Kenya Introduction Kenya has been the battlefield of tragic terrorist attacks on western interests twice since 1998 – once in 1998 when the US embassy was attacked and a second time in 2002 when a Israeli-owned Paradise hotel was bombed. In 1980, Jewish-owned Norfolk hotel was attacked by the PLO. Every single attack shared a common thread of irony: the majority of the lives lost were Kenyan, even though the ideology behind the attacks suggests that Kenyan and Kenyans were not involved in the political dynamic that precipitated the attacks. The paper seeks to understand the political, social and cultural variables that have thrown Kenya into the geo-political limelight insofar as the so-called ‘War on Terrorism’ is concerned. The paper ends by discussing the security and economic implications of Kenya’s foreign policy positions as they relate to the evolving Middle-East conflicts. Precipitating events The following are the major events that have been categorized as terrorist activities in Kenya. These are the events that actually transpired. There could conceivably be more that were and still are on the drawing board but never executed. In 1976, the famous Entebbe hostage crisis was witnessed in neighboring Uganda. Members of the Baader-Meinhof Group and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) seized an Air France airliner and its 258 passengers.They forced the airplane to land in Uganda. During a 35-minute battle, 20 Ugandan soldiers and all seven hijackers died along with three hostages. when Israeli commandos rescued the passengers. Uganda’s President and dictator Idi Amin arrived at the airport to give a speech in support of the PFLP and supplied the hijackers with extra troop... ... The Daily Nation (Nairobi), 1 December, 2002. [8] â€Å"US War With Iraq Could Be Averted† The East African Standard (Nairobi), March 2, 2003 [9] â€Å"Sudanese plant bombed by Pentagon was civilian† By Sarah Sloan, Worker's World Newspaper www.endiraqsanctions.net/resources/el-shifa.htm [10] â€Å"Sudanese plant bombed by Pentagon was civilian† By Sarah Sloan, Worker's World Newspaper www.endiraqsanctions.net/resources/el-shifa.htm [11] â€Å"The Mombasa Attack could Damage the Process of Tourism Recovery in Kenya† Professor Thea Sinclair and Dr. Guntur Sugiyarto, Christel DeHaan Tourism and Travel Research Institute [12] â€Å"An analysis of reactions to a U.S. government policy regarding compensation for African victims.† by Anthony Kuria, Advocate of the High Court of Kenya, www.africanconnections.com/AnthonyKuria.html

The Taming of the Shrew Essay: The Taming of Katherina -- Taming Shrew

The Taming of the Shrew: Katherina - the Woman Formerly Known as Shrew    The Katherina that gives the final speech in The Taming of the Shrew is quite a departure from the Katherina we were introduced to in Act I. This new Kate is modest, quiet and obedient. All of these qualities were not present until Act V. Such a profound personality change prompts the questions how this happened and what purpose do her changes serve?    The answer to the first question, how did this happen, is simple to answer: Petruchio has tamed her. His taming tactics are comparable to that of a military officer and a patient mentor: He is ruthless and unwilling to bend the rules in order to make her learn, however, he is content to let her learn at her own pace. The text for his lessons is Kate's own temper, actions and words. By spewing her deeds back into her face at an unrelenting pace, she is forced to see how ridiculous she has been acting, and it is at this point that the transformation begins.    Due to the nature of Petruchio's teachings, The Taming of the Shrew can be see...

Childhood Contradictions :: Free Essays Online

Childhood Contradictions 1. Memories from my childhood are scarce and cloudy at best. Everything is distorted and it always seems like everyone is bigger than you, in more ways than one. From what I do remember, a major player in my development as a child was the overwhelming feeling of confusion. More times than not, I was confused by at least one of many things (authority, my own identity, physical, mental and emotional changes, etc). A child's confusion is due to the massive series of contradictions that is childhood itself. In Lewis Carroll's novels Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass , the meaning of childhood and what it is to be a child and literally live in a child's world takes on an entirely different meaning than ever before. Similarly, the computer game based on the novels, American McGee's Alice , gives an interesting perspective on the concept of childhood and the struggle to maturity. 2. The slew of contradictions in both of Lewis' novels is something that cannot be ignored, even by the most rudimentary of readers. The entire concept of the novels themselves is providing text which, in all honesty, seems to be complete nonsense and providing that nonsense with sense . This theory of sense from nonsense is clearly developed in Chapter 2 of Through the Looking Glass . In this chapter, titled â€Å"The Garden of Live Flowers,† Alice remarks to the flowers, â€Å"Aren't you sometimes frightened at being planted out here, with nobody to take care of you?† (Gray 121). In response to this remark, the Rose points out that â€Å"there's the tree in the middle† (Gray 122) as if that is supposed to give any sort of rational explanation for their feeling of security. When Alice asks what sort of protection a tree could provide, the Rose tells her that if any danger comes along the tree can bark. Now, this is an entirely ridiculous concept to begin with. The idea of inanimate objects having the ability to produce sound is complete nonsense to any rational person. However, the flowers give the tree's ability to bark and their ability to talk seemingly rational explanations. According to the Daisy, the tree â€Å"says ‘Bough-Wough!' That's why branches are called boughs!† (Gray 122). In response to the question about the flowers' proficiency at language, the Rose tells Alice that â€Å"in most gardens, they make the beds too soft - so that the flowers are always asleep† (Gray 122) and their flower bed is noticeably hard by comparison.

What Happened to Kmart

Case Study – What Happened to Kmart? 1. Evaluate Kmart using the value chain and competitive forces models. What was Kmart's business model and business strategy? Kmart has numerous problems with its value chain. This is evident from the suppliers sending items that the suppliers want to sell, shelves remaining unstocked, the â€Å"hand shifting† reordering process for popular items, products being allocated by central planners and not based on individual store demand, excess inventory stored in 15,000 truck-trailers behind its stores, shrinkage, and having to choose to either ship toothpaste or Christmas trees.Since its entrance as the first discount store in the 1960s, Kmart has not been able to ward off new entrants into the discount chain business. The new entrants, such as Wal-Mart and Target, have come on strong and surpassed Kmart. Kmart's suppliers seem to be calling the shots with the retailer, since they are promoting the items that they can sell and not helpi ng Kmart address its mounting problems. Kmart's customers are voting with their pocketbooks and shopping at its competitors' stores.Kmart uses a promotions-drive business model. The company uses advertising circulars to promote its â€Å"blue-light† specials. 2. What was the relationship of information systems to Kmart's business processes and business strategy? How well did its systems support its strategy? Kmart's information systems and its business processes and business strategy were not in alignment. As an example, the information systems could collect data, but the data were not available for analysis and decision-making purposes.As the case mentions, forecasting decisions were based on management's judgment, not on the data. Kmart's systems did not support its strategy. One of the problems mentioned in the case is that its supply chain management system could not easily accommodate the sharp increases and decreases in demand. The distribution center's outdated technol ogy led to supplies sitting on pallets for 24 hours until they were recorded in the central tracking system. When reordering popular products, the employees would hand sift through previous purchasing receipts. . What management, organization, and technology factors contributed to Kmart's problems? From the case, it appears that Kmart management is inconsistent with its implementation of the company's strategy. Management is unable to use data to forecast demand; it has lost sight of its core competencies, and is unable to change Kmart's image. Although management wanted to restructure its supply chain, it continued to expand its product offerings, as opposed to focusing on the fastest selling items. Mr.Conaway's plan to restructure Kmart has obviously not worked out. Although Mr. Conaway wanted the local stores to make their own stocking decisions, the stocking decisions were still being made by the central planners. When the new system was installed, Mr. Buzek made the comment tha t â€Å"the information would be useless because management just didn't believe in the system. † Although the company uses a promotions-driven strategy, the company reduced its advertising circulars. As the case points out, no other alternative for achieving the strategy was provided.Although Kmart wanted to reinvent its supply chain, management was unwilling to unify the distribution system's two computers because the project was too expensive. From an organizational perspective, the suppliers, central planners, business processes, individual stores, warehouses, and distribution center have definite communication problems and are not sharing data as efficiently as possible. One could argue that very little data sharing is going on. Central planners are making the stocking decisions for the individual stores, but what needs to be stocked at each store is not being effectively communicated.From a technology perspective, outdated technology and incompatible systems were in plac e. The new i2 project did not succeed for a variety of reasons, including the need for more hardware, the inability of the project to connect the point-of-sale systems and inventory systems to the distribution systems, and not being robust enough to handle a large number of SKUs. 4. How important was supply chain management in contributing to Kmart's problems? Evaluate Conaway's decision to use i2 software to improve Kmart's supply chain management.Supply chain management was very important to Kmart. Kmart has been unable to successfully manage its inbound logistics, operations, sales and marketing, service, and outbound logistics. Unfortunately, the company's inability to effectively manage its supply chain led to ineffective advertising, lots of items being overstocked, popular items being understocked, a large product offering, poor communication with suppliers and its business units, items sitting on pallets waiting to be entered into the central tracking system, and shipping pr oblems.The goals for the i2 project were commendable, since the project was supposed to improve Kmart's sales forecasting, inventory sourcing, logistics, and reporting. The project was supposed to facilitate micromarketing, supplier product tracking, order execution, shipment scheduling, and delivery tracking. It is interesting that Mr. Conaway chose i2 Technologies for the new supply chain management project, since i2 Technologies had â€Å"only recent and limited experience in the retail sector. The decision to use i2 Technologies was not a good decision, since the system was not designed to work with the large number of SKUs, Kmart (according to some) wrote off and abandoned some of its i2 software, the project fell behind schedule, and the inability to connect the point-of-sale systems and inventory systems to the distribution systems. 5. Were those blaming software for the collapse of Kmart correct? Explain your answer. Actually, there is enough blame to go around. 2 Technolog ies did a very poor job analyzing and designing the system for Kmart. It also appears that Kmart's management did not get behind the project and was also unwilling to transform its core business processes. 6. It has been said that â€Å"Wal-Mart uses their IT strategically, and they fully integrate it into their operating model. † Does this statement apply to Kmart? Explain your response. This statement does not apply to Kmart.Kmart is using an outdated business model and has been unwilling to change its model. Its unwillingness to change is one of the reasons why Wal-Mart and Target have been able to successfully compete against Kmart and why Kmart is in bankruptcy. 7. List the problems Conaway faced when he took over Kmart, and then describe the short- and long-range policies you would have followed had you been in his place. When Mr. Conaway took over Kmart, he faced several problems, including stiff competition from Wal-Mart and Target.The company was using an outdated bu siness model, spending more money than the competition to get its goods into its stores, its information systems were collecting data but not using it effectively, it had significant problems with its entire value chain, it had a frumpy reputation, its shelves were often empty, it offered a wide range of products, it provided poor customer service, and it did not care about the competition. Students will provide a variety of short- and long-range policy recommendations.

Too Much Pressure

Colleen Went states that cheating has been on the rise due to the fact that many teachers accept it. The teachers knew that these things went on, yet nobody seems to do anything about them. With so many people cheating, teachers have a hard time tracking down who cheated and who didn't. Teachers assign homework every day, and they have over a hundred students. With so much assignments pouring in to be graded, teachers usually have students peer edit the assignment or they Just glance at it.The student could have Just written down something foolish and the teacher wouldn't notice. On account of this, many teachers think cheating is fine. Because many teachers ignore cheating that is occurring right under their noses, so many students get away with It. The lenient consequences that are given to students for cheating, is another factor that is causing an increase in cheating. Penalties for getting caught cheating are mild. If someone was caught cheating, that assignment or test is usual ly confiscated, and you ere given a zero for that assignment.However, your parents were not called, and you were not suspended. Getting a zero on one assignment doesn't hurt that much and the cheater doesn't even learn a lesson. Due to the light consequences, students cheat even more in school. Colleen Went used exposition style of writing. Through exposition, she informs, explains, and clarifies her ideas and thoughts. Exposition goes beyond description to help the reader understand with greater clarity and depth the Ideas and thoughts.

Comparison between FAIR and AIM

Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) and Accuracy In Media (AIM), are two of the most active media watch groups, who seeks to influence and encourage members of the media to deliver fair and objective information to the people, without injecting biases and personal opinions. FAIR considers themselves as a national media watch group who â€Å"offers well-documented criticism of media bias and censorship† ever since they started with the cause in 1986 (F.A.I.R., 2007). On the other hand, AIM sees themselves as a grassroots citizens’ watchdog, which â€Å"critiques botched and bungled news stories and sets the record straight on important issues that have received slanted coverage† (A.I.M., 2007). Simply put, they are both against the misinformation that the media sometimes deliver to the people because of personal reasons, like biases, opinions and more. But scrutinizing this two properly, the question would then be on who is able to convince more people regarding the slanted news and information of some media practitioners and agencies. Looking closely on FAIR’s characteristics, they say that they seek both the opinion of the journalists and the activists. They present the side of the journalist, whenever they have presented a bit of a biased article or information. They give the journalist a chance to defend themselves and be able to explain further why they have resorted to writing such article. They also present the side of the activists and the critics who notices the mistakes and the points where the journalists went out of line. This is to provide a point of argument for the people, who usually wouldn’t realize that they are receiving biased commentaries from the people they would often think to deliver an unbiased report of the facts. Because of this, FAIR keeps the line open between the journalists and the activists. Through them, they can keep a constant dialogue so that they could be able to work things out for them. This then leaves a room for improvement for the journalists, especially if they consider what the activists say. With the help from FAIR, they would know whether what they are doing is right or wrong. Through constant communication, they are able to sharpen their senses to bring about truthful, unbiased pieces of information for the public. Another characteristic of FAIR is that they are encouraging the people to ask for the person responsible to change their ways, say, the media who gave biased information to the public. They are having a part where they propose a possible solution to a problem and then ask the people to act in order to solve that problem by following what they have suggested. An example would be asking them to call the person involve by giving that person’s contact number. They would encourage the people to ask for an explanation why that media practitioner made such a biased comment regarding a certain topic. AIM on the other hand, sees that the media needs a watch dog, which is why they exist. They said that the news media don’t seem to always give out the right information, wherein they could be misleading the people or giving out biased information shadowed by their personal opinions. But looking closely at AIM’s works, they are more on the political opinions of the media. They are more into scrutinizing that these people should not reflect their political belief in what they are writing. This has become a distinguishing characteristic, since most of their discussions are on whether some media personnel are for the democratic or the liberal side. In addition to that, they tackle on some publications that they see to â€Å"stir people’s minds† with what they publish. They say that these publications exist to deliver straight, hard hitting facts and information, and not to promote a certain belief or side they represent or endorse. In comparing the effectiveness of both FAIR and AIM, it can be seen that both of them are getting feedbacks from people, saying that what they are doing are really helping out in delivering the appropriate, unbiased information. This means that both of them prove that they are effective. But comparing them FAIR is able to communicate more with the people with regards to the wrong-doings of the media. This is because of the wide range of topics and information that FAIR gives and they are not as much as shadowed by the political stand of the media, as compared to that of AIM. In an article in the New York Times last July 3, 2007, writer Sheryl Stolberg has somewhat infused her thoughts in what she has written. The article was about President Bush deciding to commute the sentence of I. Lewis Libby Jr. who has committed a crime by lying to the FBI regarding an Iraq war issue (Stolberg, 2007). With Stolberg saying that the President seem to find the 30-month imprisonment for Libby as harsh, and that the case was a test of will, she was clearly sympathizing with what President Bush is feeling, whether what she said was factual or not. She mentioned that President Bush was forced to give the decision, a statement clearly implying of her, injecting her own opinions. This article was taken by some media watch group negatively, saying that Sheryl Stolberg was violating the media ethics of delivering a truthful, unbiased news and information to the people. What she did was an act of showing her biases, which she was siding and sympathizing with President Bush. As a media practitioner, doing as such reduces her credibility to give truthful, untainted information to the people. Conclusion Democracy includes the people’s freedom to freely speak their minds, the freedom to voice out their opinions whenever they want. But democracies freedoms also have limitations. This is applicable to media, where in order to get a true grasp of a story, the media practitioner, journalists or reporters should be able to give the unbiased face of the story. In order to do so, they must set aside their own opinions and interests in order to give the appropriate information to the people. The media’s role in democracy is the freedom of all people to access information. This information must be untainted with the media people’s opinions or biases, in order not to mislead the recipient of these pieces of information, which are the masses. References: A.I.M. (2007). What is Accuracy In Media(AIM)?  Ã‚   Retrieved July 4, 2007, from http://www.aim.org/static/19_0_7_0_C F.A.I.R. (2007). Media Views.  Ã‚   Retrieved July 4, 2007, from http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=11 Stolberg, S. G. (2007, July 3, 2007). For President, Libby Case Was a Test of Will The New York Times.      

Critical Incident Essay

It was a cold friday afternoon as I sat at the bus stop waiting to get home. I had just got out of an intense Friday lecture from the Northampton local Mosque. The Imam was furious and obviously disgusted at the behavior of our generation. â€Å"How do we live with ourselves† Imam Aseem Ibrahim had said. â€Å"Most of us have enough to feed ourselves and our family, even buy the latest gadgets just because we can but do we feed the poor? Do we clothed them?† He said in anger as he chocked on the words. The lecture kept on playing in my head as I waited for the bus. It made me realize, we could do some good with the money we spend on some unnecessary things especially the ones we buy for ourselves to please others. Earlier, I had planned on buying the new Manchester United away jersey, but with what the Imam said, I don’t think I need it anymore. I could use at least half the money to do good for others. Just as I drift on my thoughts, I noticed a fish and chips cart which reminded me of the breakfast and lunch I had missed. I had been staying up late studying that I forgot about a couple of meals. â€Å"Don’t starve yourself in the course of feeding others.† The Imam had said while giving his lectures. I starved myself but it wasn’t because I was trying to feed anybody, I was just trying to catch up on loss time. I got up and got myself some fish and chips then sat back at the bus stop seats. As soon as I had the first swallow, I realized I could help poor people by feeding them delicious food with a reasonable amount of money. The food was relatively cheap. I smiled and continued to enjoy. Halfway through my meal, I saw a little Indian boy with an elderly woman walking towards my direction. The boy smiled at me so I smiled and offered him my food. The little boy smiled again and shook his head. â€Å"Are you sure?’ He shook his head and stopped walking. â€Å"Alright then.† I went on with my meal. A few minutes later, the bus arrived and just as I motioned to get on it, the elderly woman furiously said some words to me in Hindu. I shrugged and got on the bus. When I arrived home, I found my roommate Taneem watching a Hindu movie. I noticed something weird as I watched a little with him. â€Å"Why is the subtitle saying yes while the woman keeps shaking her head?’ I asked. â€Å"Because shaking your head is to Indians as nodding your head is to us. She’s saying yes.† Taneem explained. Even though it was minutes after I had left the boy and the woman, I felt so embarrassed at what I did to the boy. My intentions were good, but it looked otherwise.

Systematic Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Systematic - Literature review Example Although IT managers do acknowledges the importance of NFRs, each one of them have different approach and ideas on how IT manager can effectively increase the safety, security, and overall performance of software. Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Aims/Purpose of the Study ....................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Objectives ................................................................................. 5 1.3 Research Questions .................................................................................. 5 1.4 Significance of the Study ........................ ................................................. 6 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study ......................................................... 7 2. ... .......................................................................................... 11 3.1 Data Collection Strategy .......................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 3.1.2 Research Interview †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 3.2 Research Ethics ....................................................................................... 13 3. Research Findings and Discussion .......................................................................... 15 4. Conclusion and Recommendations ......................................................................... 17 Appendix I – Summary of the Research Schedule ............................................................. 19 Appendix II – Semi-Structured Research Questionnaire ................................................... 20 Appendix III – Summary of Research Interview Results – Research Interviewee A ....... 21 Appendix III – Summary of Research Interview Results – Research Interviewee B ....... 23 Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 25 - 26 References ........................................................................................................................... 27 - 29 1. Introduction To be able to create and develop useful software system, it is necessary to identify what the customers want, analyze how to create software requirements, specify the software requirements, establish and manage the software requirements, verify and validate the systems’ requirements, maintain the usability and reliability of the system, an d finally document the process among others (Leffingwell and Widrig, 2003,